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Louis J. Sheehan
Archive for 200901 ( return to current blog )
Monday January 19, 2009
No. 49
FROM: Rome (ITRRK)
June 20, 1941
TO: Circular: Bucharest, Moscow (RIKUDUN)
#303.
According to a spy report German Supreme H. Q. has already been located at Konigsberg for about a week. The source is the same as wire 300[a].
[a] Not available.
Trans. 2-28-45
No. 50
FROM: Rome (ITRRK)
May 8, 1941
TO: Tokyo
#265.
1. According to a reliable report from Italian government sources, Italy has decided to give assistance to Iraq by sending (her) 4 or 5 (ck. 4, 5) air squadrons. Prior to this (Italy) has also considered the transfer of Italian planes to Iraq —1G—.
2. It has been confirmed that yesterday, 7 May, HITLER and MUSSOLINI held a conference at a certain place in Northern Italy.
Trans. 4-25-45
No. 51
FROM: Teheran (PRSRK)
September 14, 1941
TO: Tokyo (AUTUMN) (Head, General Affairs Dept.)
#432.
Persia Wire #41.
KO MOUDDAKKER[a] came to Tokyo around 1939 or 1940 and organized a Mohammedan temple there. http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN-ESQUIRE.US At the time of the world Mohammedan Congress, he was appointed as a representative of the Netherlands East Indies. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
Presently his picture is appearing on propaganda letters from Tokyo in behalf of the Mohammedan federation.
[a] Imperfect text at beginning of name.
Trans. 4-23-45
[31]
No. 52
FROM: Teheran (PRSRK)
September 22, 1941
TO: Rome
#446.
A. In regard to the Russian Army's invasion of Persia:
1st: There are 36 tanks, 52 planes and 1 cavalry brigade at Meshed.
2nd: Northeast Persian and Caspian Sea units combine ordinary and inferior equipment and it appears that with the departure of the 83rd (check 8, check 3) Rifle Division (SIDAN) they are mobilizing new forces.
3rd: Air bases are under construction at Sari, Gurgan and Tabriz.
4th: Communication lines are being laid (1) between Tabriz and Dzhulfa; (2) between Tabriz, Ardebil and Astara.
5th: The Russian Army is confiscating rice, wheat and imported silk within the territory it has occupied and is sending these back to Russia.
6th: It appears that England has thus far sent no material and not more than 10 planes to Russia.
B. In regard to the Persian Army.
1st: On the Russian front Persian forces have all been (?wiped out?).
2nd: On the English front the 6th (check 6) and 16th (check 1, check 6) Divisions (SIDANS) and the Teheran government are falling back to Isfahan.
Addressee: General Staff Headquarters, Germany, Italy, and Turkey.
Trans. 2-17-45
No. 53
FROM: Teheran (PRSRK)
September 22, 1941
TO: Rome (RIKUGUN)
#447.
Russian forces that entered Teheran:
1 cavalry regiment. 1 tank regiment (about 60).
English forces:
1 armored mechanized brigade (partially Indian troops, such as vehicle drivers; greater part of troops, English). Addressee: General Staff Headquarters, Germany, Italy, Turkey.
Trans. 2-15-45
No. 54
FROM: Bangkok (SIAMD)
May 3, 1941
TO: Tokyo (AUTUMN (HEAD, GEN. AFFAIRS DEPT.))
#822.
1. According to a spy report, CROSBY, the English Minister in Bangkok, has received communications from the American authorities.
Following is a telegram which was dispatched to the French-Indo China Governor-General.
"You (French-Indo China Governor-General) will arrive in Corregidor in the Philippines (?tomorrow, the 13th?). We would like you to take the arms and ammunition America has consigned to you. You will —2G— in accordance with ship sailings to Singapore."
2. After investigating the authenticity of the above, please report. Addressed to the General Staff.
SUMITA
Trans. 9-1-45
[32]
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
No. 55
FROM: Tokyo (NERNS) (Vice-Chief, General Staff)
May 17, 1941
TO: Bangkok (RIKUGUN)
#796. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
(Strictly Secret.) We are sending Major AOYAMA KAZUICHI to Siam to work under your orders in the intercepting and deciphering of British and American Army codes used in the South Seas area.http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN-ESQUIRE.US He is expected to leave early in June.
Major AOYAMA will have with him Interpreter KAZAMA RYU, operators SATO JIN JURO and BABA TERUKUNI, and employee NAOMIYA NAOYOSHI. AOYAMA will be attached to your office and the others will have the status of attache office personnel.
Trans. 6-16-45
No. 56
FROM: Bangkok (SIAMD)
May 22, 1941
TO: Tokyo (Autumn (Head, Gen. Affairs Dept.))
#861.
Intelligence from Japanese Agents who have infiltrated Victoria Point (at the southeast tip of Burma).
1. About 200 GURKHA and Indian troops are stationed there, and they have some light tanks.
2. Central part. There are two emergency airfields, but no warplanes are in evidence. Furthermore, there are no hangers, and planes land but infrequently.
3. In the bay there are some small ships, two of them being gunboats; also there are two destroyer squadrons on patrol.
4. It is rumored that 1000 Chinese troops are stationed at Moulmein.
Trans. 9-21-45
No. 57
FROM: Tokyo (NERNS) (Vice Chief Gen. Staff)
July 26, 1941
TO: Bangkok (RIKUGUN)
#016.
1st. We have received Siam Special Message #54 (check 54) and thank you for the timely and valuable information.
2nd. Please report as soon as possible on the following matters relating to the PHNOM PEN BANGKOK RAILROAD:
1. The degree of completion and future prospects of completion of the ARAZANYA-SISOPHON railroad.
2. Situation on equipment for the SISOPHON MONGKOL BOREY railroad.
3. Is through-service between PHNOM PEN and BANGKOK possible from a technical standpoint?
Trans. 2-13-45
No. 58
FROM: Bangkok
July 31, 1941
TO: Tokyo (SUMMER RIKUGUNJIKAN) (Vice-Chief, General Staff, and Vice-Minister of War)
#021.
Re enemy aggression against French Indo-China.
[33]
On the 29th, the Siamese authorities issued the following declaration concerning their general policy.
1. Maintenance of good neighborly relations.
2. They feel that they will not suffer either militarily or economically at the hands of any nation whatsoever.
3. They believe that they need not fear military invasion from any foreign power.
4. A policy of non-intervention.
5. A desire to continue trade with foreign countries as usual.
Items 1 and 4 above represents not only the stand of the Siamese but are items fervently desired as well. http://LOUIS-J-SHEEHAN-ESQUIRE.US
Trans. 2-24-45
No. 59
FROM: Bangkok
November 8, 1941
TO: Tokyo (SUMMER (VICE CHIEF, GEN. STAFF))
#428.
To Lt. Col. MATSUMAE.
1. It is now the rainy season in southern Thailand and although there was considerable rain (I found that) the places you selected as airfields were, on the whole, as suitable as you had anticipated. I will report successively on further developments.
2. The road, together with the bridge on that road, (the one leading from the old road), which (would be used) in invading the TAPEH (TAPE) airfield, is as shown on the photograph you mentioned.
This is addressed to the Vice Chief of Staff and to Saigon.
Trans. 9-1-45
No. 60
FROM: Bangkok
November 12, 1941
TO: Tokyo
#442.
If war centering in Siam breaks out between Japan and Britain the question of Siam's attitude is so delicate that it cannot be written. Therefore we are sending Lt. Col. YAHARA to make a report. Please get the facts from him.
Trans. 9-7-45
Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
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Sunday January 11, 2009
THE MAGIC BACKGROUND
OF
PEARL HARBOR
VOLUME IV
(October 17, 1941-December 7, 1941)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER IV
Advent of the TOJO Cabinet and redoubling of Japanese Government's insistence upon an early acceptance of its proposals.
Page
Outline of Volume IV
l
PART A Hull-Nomura Conversations (October 17, 1941-November 20, 1941)
1. Ambassador Nomura Complains of Lack of Coordination Between Japanese Foreign Office and Navy (October 18, 1941)
1
2. Tokyo Refuses Ambassador Nomura's Resignation (October 23, 1941)
2
3. Japanese Government Declares Policies of New Cabinet
2
4. Ambassador Nomura Reports British-German Peace Rumors
2
5. Welles-Wakasugi Conversation (October 24, 1941)
2
(a) Under Secretary Welles' Report
2
(b) Minister Wakasugi's Report
4
6. Tokyo Urges American Reply to Japanese Proposals
5
7. Ambassador Nomura Confers with Admiral Pratt (October 25, 1941)
8. Minister Wakasugi Reports on Status of Japanese-American Relations
6
9. Ambassador Nomura Reveals American Attitude Toward Japan
7
10. Ambassador Grew's Report (October 25, 1941)
11. Grew-Togo Interview (October 30, 1941)
9
(a) Ambassador Grew's Report
9
(b) Foreign Minister Togo's Report
9
12. Tokyo Questions Nomura on American Proposal
10
13. New Japanese Cabinet Discusses Formulation of Policies
10
14. Ambassador Grew Learns Japanese Cabinet's Plans
11
15. Ambassador Grew Reports on Situation in Japan
11
16. Ambassador Kurusu Appointed Special Aid to Ambassador Nomura
12
16A. Japan Plans to Attack Hawaii on December 7, 1941 (November 5-7, 1941)
12
17. Ambassador Grew Receives Japanese Informant
13
18. Japan's Attitude Toward Present Negotiations Made Known
13
19. Japan Instructs Ambassador Nomura in Final Proposals
14
20. Ambassador Kurusu Leaves for Washington
14
21. Japan Seeks Agreement with Britain and the Netherlands
15
22. Tokyo Receives English Translation of Proposals
15
23. Japan to Avoid Ratified Treaty with United States
15
24. Japanese Diet Accepts Cabinet's Counter Proposals
16
25. Ambassador Nomura to Guard Secrecy of Conferences
16
26. Japanese Newspapers Publicize Tokyo's Proposals
16
27. Japanese and American Newspapers Impair Diplomatic Negotiations
17
29. Hull-Nomura Conversation (November 7, 1941)
17
(a) State Department' Report
17
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
19
30. Tokyo Re-emphasizes Policy of Self-Defense
20
31. Mr. Horiuchi Arranges for Undelayed Delivery of Telegrams
20
32. Foreign Ministry Bans Publication of Negotiations
21
33. President Roosevelt Confers with Naval Leaders (November 7,1941)
21
34. Japan Interested in Hull's Proposed Settlement of the China Affair.
22
35. Japan Seeks Facts on American-British Attitude Toward Axis
22
36. Grew-Togo Conversation (November 10, 1941)
23
(a) Ambassador Grew's Report
23
(b) Foreign Minister Togo's Report
25
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
37. Ambassador Nomura Reveals America's Pessimistic Attitude Toward the Negotiations
26
38. Roosevelt‑Nomura Conversation (November 10, 1941)
27
(a) Secretary Hull's Report
27
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
29
39. Japanese‑American Conversation (November 10, 1941)
31
40. Japan Doubts America's Awareness of the Critical Situation
31
41. The German Government Makes Demands on Japan
31
42. Foreign Minister Togo Confers with Ambassador Craigie (November 11, 1941)
32
43. Ambassador Nomura Seeks Clarification of Tripartite Pact Issues
33
44. The Chinese Ambassador Confers with President Roosevelt
33
45. Mr. Kase Calls on Ambassador Grew (November 12, 1941)
33
46. Ambassador Nomura Seeks English Translation of Proposal B
35
47. Japanese Official Analyzes Roosevelt's Domestic and Foreign Strategy
35
48. Japanese Naval Activity Seen in the Mandates
36
49. Hull‑Nomura Conversation (November 12, 1941)
36
(a) State Department's Report
36
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
39
50. Ambassador Kurusu Reports on American Pessimism
41
52. Foreign Minister Togo Questions American Interpretation of Proposals
41
53. Finance Official Nishiyama to Study Japanese‑American Negotiations
42
54. Japan Seeks Undelayed Chinese Peace Negotiations
42
55. Japanese‑American Conversations (November 13, 1941)
42
(a) State Department's Report
42
(b) Minister Wakasugi's Report
43
56. Foreign Minister Togo Requests Summaries of the Conversations
44
57. Ambassador Nomura Warns of America's Preparedness for War
44
58. China Seeks Increased Aid from the United States
45
59. Japanese Government Considers Negotiations in Final Stage
45
60. Ambassador Nomura Speculates on Results of Possible Diplomatic Breach
46
61. Tokyo Instructs Ambassador Kurusu in New Duties
47
62. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(November 15, 1941)
47
(a) State Department's Report
47
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
50
63. Tokyo Instructs Ambassador Nomura in Interpretation of Japanese Proposals
52
64. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(November 17, 1941)
52
(a) State Department's Report
52
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
53
65. Roosevelt‑Kurusu Conversation‑(November 17, 1941)
54
(a) State Department's Report
54
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
55
66. Ambassador Grew Warns United States of Unexpected Japanese Attack
57
67. Japanese Air Forces Move to Mandates
57
68. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(November 18, 1941)
58
(a) State Department's Report
58
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
61
69. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(November 19, 1941)
63
(a) State Department's Report
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
64
70. Japan Prepares for Breakdown of Diplomatic Relations
64
Japanese efforts to extort an agreement on a narrow and one‑sided proposal
Hull‑Nomura Conversations (November 20, 1941‑December 1, 1941)
71. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(November 20, 1941)
65
(a) State Department's Report
65
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
66
ii
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
72. Hull‑Kurusu Conversation‑(November 21, 1941)
67
(a) Secretary Hull's Report
67
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
67
73. Japanese Air and Surface Patrols Cover Shipping
68
74. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(November 22, 1941)
68
(a) State Department's Report
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
75. Japan Changes Agreement Deadline to November 29, 1941
72
76. Chief of Naval Operations Warns of Japanese Surprise Attack on Philippines
72
77. Ambassador Grew Discusses Japanese Proposals with Foreign Minister Togo
73
78. Ambassador Nomura Warns Against Inaccurate News Reporting
74
79. Foreign Minister Togo Questions Newspaper Interpretation of Proposals
74
80. Tokyo Wishes Agreement to Include Petroleum Exports
75
81. Japanese Ambassador Offer to Tokyo Final Suggestion for Peace
75
82. Tokyo Orders Reports on Negotiations to Be Made by Telephone
76
83. Secretary Hull Confers with Allied Representatives‑(November 24, 1941)
76
84. Conference with Japanese Representatives Postponed by Secretary Hull
76
85. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(November 26,1941)
77
(a) State Department's Report
77
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
80
86. Ambassador Kurusu Telephones Mr. Yamamoto the Outcome of the Conference
81
87. Ambassador Nomura Suggests Terminating the Present Negotiations
81
88. United States Occupies Dutch Guiana
82
89. American Armed Forces Prepare for War
82
90. Roosevelt‑Nomura Conversation‑(November 27,1941)
83
(a) Secretary Hull's Report
83
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
83
91. Ambassador Kurusu Telephones Yamamoto
85
92. Chief of Naval Operations Issues War Warning
86
93. Tokyo Notifies Embassies of Rupture in Japanese‑American Negotiations
86
94. Ambassador Nomura Urges Open Break in Diplomatic Relations
86
95. United States Forces Await Japanese Attack
87
Final Phase.
HULL‑NOMURA CONVERSATIONS (December 1, 1941‑December 7, 1941)
96. Tokyo Investigates President Roosevelt's Sudden Return to Washington
89
97. Ambassador Nomura Reports Unfavorable Reaction to Tojo's Speech
89
98. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(December 1, 1941)
89
(a) State Department's Report
89
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
91
99. Tokyo Prepares for Results of Diplomatic Break
92
100. Japan Safeguards Its Code and Cipher Systems
92
101. Japanese‑American Conversation‑(December 2, 1941)
92
(a) State Department's Report
92
(b) Japanese Embassy Report
93
102. Welles‑Nomura Conversation‑(December 2, 1941)
93
(a) State Department's Report
93
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
94
103. President Roosevelt Orders Reconnaissance of Forces Around Thailand
95
104. U.S. Navy Exchanges Information with British and Dutch
95
105. Japanese‑Military Attaché in Spain Reports on Japanese‑American Negotiations
95
106. American Officers in Far East Destroy Codes
95
107. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(December 5, 1941)
96
(a) State Department's Report
96
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
97
iii
http://louis4j4sheehan4esquire.wordpress.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
108. Japanese Military Attaché Discounts Immediate Possibility of War with America
97
109. Japan Plans to Consider Holland a Semi‑Belligerent Country When at War with the United States
98
110. Japan to Send Form a Reply to American Proposals
98
111. Japan Seeks Information on Roosevelt Message
98
112. President Roosevelt's Message to Emperor Hirohito‑(December 6, 1941)
98
113. Hull‑Nomura Conversation‑(December 7, 1941)
99
(a) State Department's Report
99
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Report
101
114. Tokyo Extends Appreciation to Ambassadors Nomura and Kurusu
101
115. Japanese Embassy Destroys Codes
101
116. The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor‑(December 7, 1941)
102
(a) Secret Hull's Statement
102
(b) President Roosevelt's Message
102
117. The United States Declares War‑(December 8, 1941)
102
118. American Forces Begin Unrestricted Warfare
103
119. Japan Spreads Anti‑allied Propaganda in Allied Countries
103
120. Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor Surprises Turkish Foreign Minister
103
PART B JAPANESE INTELLIGENCE IN DIPLOMATIC MESSAGES
105
(a) Reports from the United States
105
121. Consul Sato Reports United States Navy Day Ceremony
105
122. Ambassador Nomura Requests Information Concerning the Warspite
106
123. Tokyo Outlines the Type of Information Needed
106
124. Consul Identifies Warspite, Colorado and Saratoga at Bremerton
106
125. Japanese Naval Officials in Mexico Disapprove of Furnishing General Intelligence
106
(c) Reports from Central America
106
126. Intelligence Dispatches Outline United States Activities in Central America
106
(d) Reports from the Panama Canal
107
127. Minister Akiyama Reports Canal Military and Naval Activity
107
128. Naval Intelligence Reports Military Construction Work and Navy Patrols
107
129. Reports Enumerate Vessels Passing Through Canal
107
130. Japanese Minister Corrects Identification of Vessel
108
131. Japanese Report Movement of the British Cruiser Liverpool
108
132. German Agents Correct Japanese Identification of British Cruiser
108
133. Intelligence Dispatches List Type, Nationality and Number of Ships Crossing Isthmus
108
134. United States Sets Up Defense Fortifications in Canal Zone
109
(e) Reports from South America
109
135. Agents Speculate Concerning Planes Flown to Bathurst
109
(f) Reports from the Hawaiian Islands
110
136. Foreign Minister Togo Asks for Semi‑Weekly Ship Movement Reports
110
137. American Experts, Allegedly en Route to Burma Road, Arrive in Hawaii
110
138. Foreign Minister Togo Requests Report of Vessels in "N" Area
110
139. Consul Kita Reports Regular Naval Maneuvers
110
140. Japanese Agents Observe American Defenses
111
141. Frequency of Ship Movement Reports Is Left to Discretion of Consul
111
142. Foreign Minister Togo Wires Instructions Regarding Japanese Communications
111
143. Japanese Continue to Watch Navy Maneuvers
111
144. Mr. Fujii Changes American Ship Maneuver Signals
112
145. Consul Wires Movement Report of Rarin and Wyoming
112
146. British Vessel Enters Honolulu Harbor on December 4, 1941
112
147. USS Lexington Departs Hawaii
113
148. Consul Kita Notifies Tokyo of Balloon Barrage Defenses
113
149. Last Intelligence Report Before Pearl Harbor Attack Lists Ships in Port
113
(g) Reports from the Philippine Islands
113
150. Consul Nihro Reports Movement of Philippine‑Based Ships
113
151. Consul Nihro Obtains Information from Newspapers and Foreign Office Reports
114
iv
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
152. Brown Soldiers Puzzle Japanese Consul
115
153. Tokyo Directs Secretary Yuki To Investigate Philippine Defenses
115
154. Foreign Minister Togo Asks Confirmation of Report of November 1, 1941
115
155. Consul Nihro Wires Further Information on Military Installations at Manila
115
156. Twenty‑three Ships Anchored at Manila on November 8, 1941
116
157. Japanese Consul Corrects Previous Estimate of Airplanes in Philippines
116
158. Consul Gathers Information from Japanese Residents
116
159. Japanese Report Concerning Preparations on Cebu
117
160. Manila Identifies the British Ship Awatea
117
161. Consul Nihro Reports Tense Feeling in Manila
118
162. Submarine Tender Enters Port
118
163. Inaccuracy of Japanese Intelligence Reports
118
164. Manila Notifies Tokyo of Scouting Patrols
119
165. Intelligence Report Lists Ships in Port on December 1, 1941
119
(h) Reports from Singapore
119
166. Japanese Officials in Singapore Learn of Squadron Sailing
119
167. Tokyo Requests Information on Ships in Port
119
(i) Reports from Vladivostok and Hsinking
119
168. American Tankers en Route to Vladivostok
120
169. Russian Incidents
120
JAPANESE DIPLOMATIC ACTIVITIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
121
(a) Japanese-American Relations
121
170. Japanese Consul Considers Means of Evacuating Nationals
121
171. Consul Morishima Applies for Permit to Transfer American Mission Funds
121
172. Japanese Fear That Mr. Kasai's Lecture May Cause Embarrassment
121
173. Consul Originates Plan to Repay Nationals in Tokyo
121
174. Secretary Terasaki Suggests Delay of Orders for Official Harada
121
175. Japanese Plan to Route Money to Vancouver Through Seattle
122
176. Sailing of Kikawa Maru Forces Secretary Matsui to Leave Japan Without Visa
122
177. Japanese Consul at Vladivostok Views Pessimistically the Adjustment of Japanese‑American Relations
122
178. Propaganda Regulations Will Apply to Neutral Countries, Japan Decrees
122
179. Harada to Bring Wireless Apparatus on Hikawa Maru
122
180. Swiss Newspaper Reports Progress of Japanese‑American Negotiations
181. Delay of Sailing Permit Will Cause Financial Loss, Japan Declares
123
182. Ambassador Inquires Concerning Return of Japanese Students
123
183. Ambassador Nomura Sends Part of Personal Luggage to Japan
123
184. Foreign Minister Togo Urges Salary Remittance Exchange for Foreign Correspondents
123
185. Japan Asks for Foreign Broadcast Suggestions
124
186. American Embassy in Tokyo to Get Fuel
124
187. Tokyo Requests Officials to Bring Recording Apparatus
124
188. Exchange of Diplomatic Expense Funds Gives Rise to Discussion
124
189. Minister Directs That Cargo Ships Return to Japan
125
190. Broadcast Wave Length Proves Unsatisfactory
125
191. Japan Learns of Alleged Source of News Leak
126
192. Ambassador Nomura Sends Representative to America First Meeting
126
193. Japanese Officials Plan to Organize and Finance New Committee
126
194. Tokyo Foresees Need of Survey of United States Economic System
127
195. Ambassador Nomura Says American People Not Ready to Enter European War
127
196. Japan Asks Representations in Mail Examination
128
198. Ambassador Nomura Reports on Broadcast Reception
128
199. Tokyo Itemizes Diplomatic Expenditures of Officials in United States
128
200. Japan Reprimands Officials Concerning Dispatch Classification
128
201. Consul Muto Reports Further Investigation of Japanese Agents
129
202. Consul Muto Asks Confirmation of Salary as Employee of Japanese Newspaper
129
203. American Bank in Tokyo Receives no Instructions to Cooperate in Japanese Exchange Plan
129
204. Manchukuoan Officials Seize Baptist Missionaries in Harbin
129
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
205. Foreign Minister Outlines Policy in China in Event of United States War
129
206. Lima, Peru, Chosen for Gold Deposits for Emergency Use
130
207. Tokyo Sends Instructions for Emergency Destruction of Code Machines
130
208. United States Attempts to Separate Italy from Axis, Ambassador Nomura Reports
130
209. Japan Plans to Preserve Shanghai Public Peace When American Marines Evacuates
130
210. Tokyo Decides to Permit Remittances from America to Cultural Institutions
131
211. Tokyo Advises Ambassador Nomura of Plan of Evacuation
131
212. Japanese Officials in European Countries Warned of Critical Situation
131
213. Shanghai United Settlement Council Decides Cooperative Protection Plan
131
214. Japanese Agents Report American Hospital Staffs To Be Evacuating Peking, China
132
215. Foreign Minister Directs Havana Consul in Regard to Emergency Fund
132
216. Foreign Office Considers Scheduling Another Evacuation Vessel
132
217. Japan Makes Provisions for Financing South American Diplomatic Establishment
132
218. Consul Morishima Asks That the Tatsuta Maru Dock at New York
132
220. Japan Wires Washington Schedule of the Tatsuta Maru
133
221. Japan Decides to Close the Japanese Cultural Association
133
222. Bank Employees Receive Instructions to Evacuate With the Embassy Staff
133
223. Japanese Official List of Agencies Printing Japanese Propaganda
133
224. Ambassador Nomura Suggests Improvements in Broadcast Service
134
225. An Emergency Code System Becomes Effective
134
226. Ambassador Nomura is Asked to Request Permits for Entrance of Japanese from Hawaii
134
227. Japan Requests Manchukuo to Release American Missionaries
135
228. Secretary Terasaki Requests Addresses of Foreigners Receiving American Newspapers
135
229. Difficulties Arise Concerning Evacuation of Dual Nationality Holders
135
230. Japan Issues Orders Concerning Disposition of Codes and Code Machines
135
231. Courier Kosaka Ordered Back to Japan
135
232. Destruction of Code Machines Is Ordered in London, Hongkong, Singapore, and Manila
135
233. Havana Office Directed to Destroy Codes
136
234. Officials Directed to Destroy Codes
136
235. Officials Directed to Retain Emergency Code System Also
136
236. Provisions Are Made for Evacuation of Diplomats
136
237. Japan Requests Permission to Change Schedule of Tatsuta Maru
136
238. Ambassador Nomura Urges Magnanimity in Paying Employees Remaining in United States
137
239. State Department Approves New Schedule for Tatsuta Maru
137
240. Ambassador Nomura Is Instructed to Explain Japanese Military Activity in French Indo‑China
137
241. Manchukuoan Officials Decide to Release Americans
137
242. Japan Sends Funds for Returning of Families of Japanese Diplomatic Employees
138
243. American Embassy Requires No Permit for Taking Out Personal Belongings
138
244. Ambassador Kurusu Suggests United States Investigate Western Transportation Company
138
246. Mystery Dispatch or Coded Wire Sent to Rio de Janeiro
138
247. Iguchi Asks Permission to Delay Destruction of One Code Machine
138
248. Japanese Officials in Washington Learn That American Marines Will Evacuate Shanghai
138
249. Tokyo Orders Terasaki, Takagi, Ando, and Yamamoto to Return to Japan
139
250. Consul Morishima Requests Permission for Mr. Hikida to Return Home
139
251. Ambassador Nomura Requests Additional Expense Money
139
252. Ambassador Kurusu Asks That Secretary Terasaki Remain in the United States
139
253. Japan Continues Making Evacuation Plans
139
254. Tokyo Clarifies Code Machine Reference
140
255. Japan Issues Its Policy Regarding Allied Diplomatic Officials
140
256. Consul Nihro Desires Settlement of Akino's Fine
141
257. Consul Nihro Requests Competent Assistants
141
258. Tokyo Plans Utilization of Osaka Steamship Company Funds in Manila
141
259. Consul Nihro Destroys Useless Codes
141
Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire .
(b) Japanese‑Panamanian Relations
143
260. Diplomatic Corps in Panama Acknowledges New Government
143
261. Latin American Countries Deny "Veiled Intervention" by the United States
143
vi
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
262. Minister Akiyama Explains New Governments' Foreign Policy
143
263. Japanese Business Firms Ordered to Clue on October 28, 1941
144
264. Uncooperative Course of New Government is Result of Fear, Minister Alleges
144
265. Panama Restricts Minister Akiyama's Contacts
145
266. Japanese Minister Says the United States is Urging Panama to Take the Lead
145
267. Japan Sends Official Complaint to Panama
146
268. Minister Akiyama Suggests Retaliatory Measures
146
269. Japan Requests Immediate Reopening of Businesses
146
270. Radio Broadcast or Domei Service is Suggested to Publicize Panama's Action
147
271. Tokyo Foreign Office Protests to Panama Minister; Requests Formal Statement From Panama
147
272. Panama Cabinet Says Japanese Note is Phrased in Insulting Terms
147
273. Minister Akiyama Says Japanese Will Have Trouble Disposing of Large Stocks
147
274. Newspaper Article Originating in Japan Charges Panama with Inhuman Acts
148
275. Japanese Minister Reports Dismissal of Spanish Minister
148
276. Mexican Minister Incensed at Treatment of Japanese, Returns Home, Akiyama Declares
148
277. Mr. Izawa Negotiates for Reemployment of Japanese in Panama
278. Minister Akiyama Suggests Further Retaliatory Measures
149
279. Foreign Minister Togo Plans to Aid Nationals
280. Japanese Military Men are En Route to Homeland
149
281. Minister Suggests that Young Japanese Nationals be Attached to Central and Latin American Legations
149
282. Minister Akiyama Stresses Danger of Communication Stoppage
149
283. Japanese Nationals Urged to Evacuate to Latin American Countries
149
284. Arrangements Made for Tatsuta Maru to Dock at Balboa
150
285. Panamanian Minister Reports Arrival of Peruvian Minister in Washington
150
286. Japan Proposes Reparation for Treatment of Japan Nationals in Panama
150
287. Minister Akiyama Communicates With Buenos Aires and Tokyo Regarding Codes
151
288. Minister Akiyama Experiences Financial Annoyances
151
(c) Japanese‑Hawaiian Relations
153
289. Consul in Honolulu Requests Funds Before Arrival of Tatsuta Maru
153
290. Japanese Official Requested to Bring Money Back to Japan
153
291. Foreign Office Asks that ----- be Kept Under Strict Surveillance
153
292. Tokyo Suggests Nationals be Assigned to Second Evacuation Vessel
153
293. Special Codes to be Retained as Long as Situation Permits
153
294. Japan Ponders Recall of Staff
153
(d) Japanese‑Philippine Relations
155
295. Consul Nihro Advises Early Evacuation of Useful Nationals
155
296. United States Making Preparations for War in Earnest, Consul Says
155
297. Payment of Fine for Manila Youth in Japan Creates Problem of Exchange
155
298. Consul Protests Opening of Diplomatic Mail Pouch
156
299. Japan to Investigate the Seizure of Mail
156
300. The Asama Maru Tentatively Scheduled to Arrive November 10, 1941
166
301. Japan Changes Arrival Date of the Asama Maru to November 19, 1941
157
302. Consul Nihro Reiterates Advice that Fares be Reduced
157
303. Consul Arranges Permit to Enter Manila as Vessel Sails from Homeland
157
304. Passenger and Freight Fees to Buy Supplies for the Asama Maru
157
305. Asama Maru to Evacuate Japanese Officials and Business Men
158
306. Japanese Legation Staff Obtains a Loan
158
(e) Japanese‑Mexican Relations
159
307. Vice Consul Kobayashi Transports Secret Documents to San Francisco
159
308. Minister Miura Sends to Tokyo a Resume of Comments on Mexico's Position in the Event of a Japanese‑American War
159
309. Navy Department Retracts Alleged Statement by Secretary Knox of "Imminent Action Within 24 Hours"
159
310. Minister Miura Plans to Return to Japan
159
311. System of Importing Rayon Undergoes a Change
160
VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
312. Panama Incident Has No Noticeable Effect in Mexico
160
313. Mexican Newspapermen Return from Japan Via Vancouver and Cuba
161
314. Courier Inoma Dispatched to San Francisco
161
315. Mexican Reporter Returning from Japan Expresses His Gratitude for Hospitality Extended
161
316. Mexico Enforces Stricter Passport Policies
161
317. Minister Miura Gives His Opinion Regarding Oil Agreement Between United States and Mexico
162
318. Agreement Signifies Desire for Mutual Understanding Between United States and Mexico
162
319. Minister Miura Request Traveling Expenses and Reservations on the Tatsuta Maru
163
320. Japanese Nationals Request Aid in Obtaining Reservations on Tatsuta Maru
163
321. Minister Miura Asks that the Tatsuta Maru Load Freight at Manzanillo
163
322. Japanese Officials Use Mexico‑Tokyo Diplomatic Channel for Intelligence Routing
163
323. Tokyo Sends Instructions by Courier Kosaka Regarding Japanese and Manchurian Daily Broadcasts
163
324. Tokyo Wires Formal Authorization for Minister Miura's Return
164
325. Minister Miura Reports Impossible Reception of General Broadcast
164
326. Foreign Minister Togo Instructs Minister Miura to Arrange for Employment of Japanese from Panama
164
327. Tokyo Orders Mexico to Limit Expenses and to Use "S" Code
164
328. Minister Miura Discusses with Panama the Employment of a New Staff Member
164
329. Tokyo Makes Plans for the Tatsuta Maru to Enter and Leave Port at Manzanillo
164
330. The Mexican Government Reopens Its Legation in China
165
331. Minister Miura Asks for Confirmation of Schedule of Tatsuta Maru
165
332. Tokyo Informs Minister Miura It Approves Taking American and Mexican Money to Japan
165
333. Japanese Minister in Mexico Informs Tokyo of Destruction of Ciphers and Code Machines
165
(f) Japanese‑South American Relations
167
334. Columbia Refuses United States Overflight Requests
167
335. Japanese Naval Authorities Ship Transmitter Despite Protests of South American Foreign Offices
167
336. Mitsubishi Unable to Ship Supplies Aboard Toa Maru
167
337. German Representatives Reserve Cabins Aboard Toa Maru
167
338. Japanese Navy Promises to Stow Radio Transmitter
168
339. Brazil Begins Close Inspection of Japanese Exports and Imports
168
340. Terukawa Maru to Stop at Callao
168
341. South American Countries Change to Code Machine November 7, 1941
169
342. Minister Yanai Advises Instigation of New Radio Code
169
343. Tokyo Urges That Maltreated Japanese in Panama Be Taken to South America
169
344. Minister Tomii Advises Adjustment of Japanese American Relations to Give Japan More Time
170
345. Minister Koseki in Paraguay Burns Codes
170
346. New Code Words Issued November 29, 1941
170
347. Tokyo Lists Accomplishments of Pearl Harbor Day
170
(a) Argentina
170
348. Japan Attempts to Improve Trade With Argentina
171
349. Japan Undecided as to Sympathies of Argentina
171
(b) Brazil
172
350. Japan Improves Communications Facilities to Brazil
172
351. Courier Kosaka Leaves Rio de Janeiro for Washington
172
352. Japan Recognizes Strong United States Sympathies in Brazil
173
353. Japan Transfers Bank Funds
173
354. Ambassador Ishii Asks for Additional Funds
173
355. Ambassador Ishii Has Difficulty in Radio Reception
173
356. Japan Prepared for Crisis as Brazilian Army Supports America
174
357. Ambassador Ishii Requests Release of Secret Kusano
174
358. Japan Sees United States Military Occupation of South America
174
359. Japan Issues Instructions for Burning Codes
175
(c) Chile
175
viii
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
360. Minister Yamagata Suspects United States Machinations in Chile
175
361. Japan Limits Tour of Chilean Press
175
362. Japanese Watch Development of South American Sympathies in Face of War
176
363. Minister Yamagata Asks Chile to Take in Maltreated Japanese from Panama
176
(d) Peru
178
364. Minister Sakamoto Asks Permission to Confer with Ambassador Kurusu
178
365. Acting Minister Yodokawa Analyzes Peruvian Attitude
178
(g) Japanese‑British Relations
181
366. Custom Question Forces Ambassador Tsurumi to Remain in Singapore
181
367. Ambassador Tsurumi Receives Permit for the Loading of Raw Cotton
181
368. Spanish Ambassador Reports Improvement of Conditions in Britain
181
369. Details of Unloading Scrap Iron Remain Unsettled
182
370. The Asama Maru Prepares to Evacuate Japanese Nationals from British‑Controlled Ports
182
371. The Kito Maru Abandons Trip to Dairen
182
372. Japanese Officials in Singapore Continue Negotiations in Regard to the Frozen Accounts
183
373. Japanese and Canadian Officials Disagree Concerning the Purchasing Rate of ¥100
183
374. Mr. Wataru Assumes Post as Commercial Attaché in Shanghai
183
375. Japan is Concerned Over the Attitude of Great Britain
183
376. Spanish Charge d'Affaires in Cairo Comments on the Situation in Egypt
184
377. Japanese Naval Reconnaissance Bomber Flies Over Hongkong
184
378. Ambassador Craigie and the Foreign Minister Culminate the Honma Incident
185
379. Japanese Foreign Minister is Concerned Over Family Remittance Permits
185
380. Canadian Army Troops are Sent to the Orient
185
381. Makino of the Johol Rubber Plantation is Instructed to Return to Japan
185
382. Diplomatic Relations Between Iraq and Japan are Severed
186
383. Britain Removes from Office the Chief of Staff and His Assistant
186
384. The Boris Arrives in Seattle
186
385. Mr. Yoshizawa Seeks Funds for the Ottawa Legation
186
386. Mr. Kawakasi Negotiates for Funds for the Nisso Company in Vancouver
187
387. Foreign Minister Togo is Concerned Over the Remaining Japanese Residents in Singapore
187
388. Tokyo is Concerned Over British Code Material
188
389. The Premier of Burma Attempts to Attain an Independent Status for His Country
188
390. Hongkong Economic Condition is Becoming Critical
188
391. Tokyo is Concerned With Code and Cipher Systems
189
392. Japan Prepares for Hostilities
189
(h) Japanese‑German Relations
191
393. Ambassador Oshima Asks to Resign
191
394. Japan Sees an Increase of British and American Aid to Russia
191
395. Exchange Broadcasts Become Acceptable to Japan and Germany
192
396. Progress of the Russo‑German War (October, 1941)
192
(a) Report from Finland
192
(b) Report from Roumania
193
397. Tokyo Relays a Summary of Diplomatic Relations as Advanced by Germany
193
398. Asama Maru Departure is Delayed Because of Unsuitable Routing
194
399. Axis Powers Reacclaim the Anti‑Comintern Pact
195
399A. DoD Comment, Also includes Japanese Account of the SORGE
400. Halting of American Shipping at Manila Impedes Japanese‑German Trade
199
401. Progress of the Russo‑German War (November, 1941)
199
402. Fresh Rumors of a Combined Europe Meeting Under Hitler Arise
202
403. Progress of the Russo‑German War (November l3‑14, 1941)
202
(a) Report from Finland
202
(b) Report from Berlin
203
(c) Report from Alexandrovsk
204
(d) Report from Bulgaria
204
404. Japanese Specialists Study German Industries
204
405. President Inonu Offers Turkey as a Mediator Between Germany and Russia
206
406. Axis Powers Bicker Over Vital Rubber Shipments
206
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
407. Ambassador Oshima Says Axis Political Aim of the War is the Dismemberment of Russia
206
408. Japanese Officials in Ankara, Helsinki, and Vienna Report German Activities to the Home Office
207
409. Germany Proposes Final Draft of the German‑Manchukuoan Economic Relations Pact
208
410. Ambassador Oshima Interviews Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop
208
411. Axis Powers Arrange for Simultaneous Declarations of War on the United States
209
412. Tripartite Powers Strengthen Their Positions in the Near East
213
413. Japan Attempts to Pacify Germany in Regard to Japanese‑Russian Relations
213
(i) Japanese‑Manchukuoan Relations
215
414. Japan is Concerned with Mongolian Uprisings
215
415. Manchukuoan Border Incidents Cause Increasing Concern in Tokyo
215
416. Japan is Concerned with Communist Activities in Manchukuo and China
215
417. Japan and Russia Equally Unprepared for War Against Each Other, Minister at Hsinking Declares
216
418. Russia Thought to be Moving Border Troops to Western Frontier
216
419. Japan Questions Manchukuo's Motives in Canceling Visas
216
420. Government Authorities Agree on Manchukuo's Policy in the Event of War
217
421. Japan Ponders Disposition of Its Manchukuoan Army
217
422. Japan Asks Renewal of Five‑Year Rights to Northern Sakhalin Coal and Oil
217
(j) Japanese‑Italian Relations
219
423. Italy Urges Japan to Restrain United States from Participation in the War
219
424. Italy Disapproves Japan's Dissemination of British Propaganda
219
425. Ambassador Horikiri Finds Count Ciano Uninformed on Japanese‑American Negotiations
219
426. Ambassador Horikiri Urges Japan to Publish More Italian Propaganda
219
427. Japan Desires Italian Reciprocity in Air Transportation to South America
220
428. Japanese Officials Discuss Trade Relations With Italy
220
429. Ando Rebukes Gayda for Attempting to Utilize Japan in Axis Machinations
220
430. Ambassador Horikiri Explains Italian Censorship of Japanese Mail
221
431. The Japanese Ambassador Reveals Revolutionary Plot in India
221
432. The Catholic Church at Rome Seeks to Forestall Breach in Japanese‑American Relations
222
433. The Catholic Church Is Unmoved by Arabic Situation
222
434. Ambassador Horikiri Complains of Weaknesses in Japanese Radio Transmission to Rome
223
435. Ambassador Horikiri Obtains Information Concerning Italian Relations with Croatia, France, and Russia
223
436. Ambassador Horikiri and Secretary Ando Confer with Mussolini and Count Ciano
224
437. Ambassador Horikiri Learns of Italian Position in Regard to the War with the United States
224
(k) Japanese‑French Relations
225
438. Mr. Arnald Refuses to Make Military Expense Payment in Piastres
225
439. Japan Instructs Ambassador to Procure Export Permit by October 24, 1941
225
440. Japan Protests Movement of Troops into Unfortified Zone
225
441. Tokyo Plans to Land Planes in Indo‑Chinese Waters
225
442. Foreign Minister Togo Applies Pressure in Shanghai by Limiting Exportations
225
443. Japan Threatens Action Unless French Agree to Payment of Military Expenses
226
444. Tokyo Decrees Further Export Restrictions to Combat Freezing of Assets
226
445. Consul Hayashi Investigates Pro‑Japanese Party Members
226
446. Special Committee Receives Codes
227
447. Tokyo Instructs Kato To Request Only Plane Landing Space
227
448. Hanoi Consul to Negotiate for Plane Landings Independently
227
449. Government Officials are Listed as Dangerous to Franco‑Japanese Cooperation
227
450. Frenchman Intercedes in Behalf of Japan
228
451. Togo Plans to Send Emissary Group Despite Visa Procurement Difficulty
228
452. Japan Reiterates Threat to Secure Military Expenses
228
453. French Authorities Agree to Issue Visas for Entire Yoshizawa Group
229
454. France Accedes to Japan's Military Expense Payment Demand
229
455. French Indo‑China Remits Occupation Expenses
229
456. Japanese Officials Arrive at Hanoi
230
x
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
457. Japan Demands Payment in Full from French Indo‑China
230
458. Tokyo Forwards New Code Machines for the Hanoi and Saigon Offices
230
459. French Indo‑China Makes Payment in Philippine Dollars
230
460. Investigation Discredits Aid of Pro‑Japanese Frenchman
230
461. Foreign Minister Togo Outlines Duties of Ambassador Yoshizawa
231
462. Ambassador Kato Asks for Schedules of Yoshizawa Party Members
231
463. Tokyo Officials Demand Release of Shipment
232
464. Consul Ogawa to Sail on Chicago Maru
232
465. French Government Approves Rubber Shipment
232
466. Expansion of Japanese Army in French Indo‑China Creates Difficulties
232
467. France Agrees to Provide Additional Supplies to Japan
233
468. Tokyo Releases New Broadcast Schedule for Far East
233
469. Vice‑Minister Roshier Considers Movement of Japanese Troops
233
470. Secret Messages Withheld from Staff Members are to be Headed by "Gaisin"
233
471. Japan Vests Negotiating Authority in Ambassador Yoshizawa in French Indo‑China
234
472. Japan Agrees to Transport Rubber for Germany as Far as Japan
234
473. German Official Says Germany and Japan Must Agree on Division of Indo‑Chinese Rubber
234
474. Planning Committee Draws up Bill to Export Materials
234
475. Japan Obtains Visas for Members of Yoshizawa Party
235
476. Japanese Suspect Decoux of Collaboration With Americans and English
235
477. Resignation of General Weygand is Considered to be German Victory
235
478. Japanese Insist on French Indo‑China as Site for Negotiations
235
479. Tokyo Arranges Contract for Additional Rubber
236
480. Specialists are En Route to Bangkok Office
236
481. Minister Iwaturo Uchiyama Complains of Lack of Information Concerning Japanese‑United States Negotiations
236
482. Japanese Officials Told to Disregard French Attitude
236
483. Japan Encounters Difficulty in Securing Round‑About Visas
237
484. French Accede to Japanese Demands Concerning Rubber Negotiations
237
485. Mr. Ogawa Suggested as Liaison Officer
237
486. Japan Promises Not to Increase Her Troops in Indo‑China
http://louis4j4sheehan4esquire.wordpress.com
237
487. Mr. Yokoyamu in Hanoi Negotiates for Supplies
237
488. Japan Prepares to Invade French Concession in Shanghai
Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire .
238
489. Tokyo Orders French to Cooperate in Efforts Against Sabotage
238
490. Japan Decrees Removal of British and American Consuls
238
491. Joint‑Defense of French Indo‑China Proclaimed
239
492. Japan Denies Change in Troop Disposition in French Indo‑China
239
493. Darlan Declares that France will take a Neutral Stand
241
(1) Japanese‑Chungking Relations
241
494. Tokyo is Informed of a British‑American‑Chinese Financial Conference
241
495. Rumors Reach Tokyo of Secret Chungking‑Communist Agreement
242
496. Japanese Authorities Increasingly Suspicious of Chungking‑American Activities
242
497. Hongkong Is Informed of Measures to be Taken in China in the Event of a Japanese‑American War
243
(m) Japanese‑Nanking Relations
243
498. Nanking Appoints Minister Li Fang Commercial Attaché to Berlin
243
499. German Diplomats Depart for Nanking
243
500. Nanking Refuses to Comment on Tojo Cabinet
244
501. Occupied China Attempts to Stabilize Its Currency.
244
502. Japan Distributes Newspapers to the Chinese
244
503. Ambassador Honda Plans Trip to Tokyo
244
504. The Vatican Reportedly Favors the Nanking Government
245
505. Administration Difficulties Arise in Shanghai
245
506. Japan Concludes Agreement with the Shansi Army
246
507. President Wang Desires Collaboration with Chungking
246
508. Japan Initiates New System for the China Affairs Board
http://louis4j4sheehan4esquire.wordpress.com
246
509. Japan Proposes Methods of Controlling Chinese Nationals Aboard
247
510. Japanese Apprehend Blue Shirt Terrorists
247
xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
511. Ambassador Oshima Urges Mr. Li Sheng‑wu to Report to Berlin Immediately
247
512. Japan, Manchuria, and China Plan Exchange Broadcasts
247
513. Japan Plans to Confiscate Third Country Concessions in China
247
514. Japan Extends Its Control Over the Chinese
248
515. Japanese Leaders Outline Their War Policy in China
248
516. Japan Fights Espionage in Northern China
249
517. Nanking Outlines Method of Handling Enemy Nationals and Property
249
518. Japan Directs Nanking Not to Participate in the War
250
519. Tripartite Powers Secure Shortwave Broadcasting Unit in Shanghai
250
(n) Japanese‑Netherlands East Indies Relations
251
520. Consul General Ishizawa Arranges To Leave Batavia
251
521. Dutch Officials Become Suspicious of Japanese in the Indies
251
522. Japanese Trade and Shipping Problems (October 18‑30, 1941)
252
523. Japanese Agents Secure Military Information Concerning the Indies
253
524. Dutch Governor‑General Evinces No Alarm Over Impending Crisis
254
525. Tokyo Plans the Evacuation of Japanese Nationals
254
526. Mr. Ishizawa Requests Subsidy for Japanese Newspaper in Batavia
255
527. Communication Difficulties Arise in Batavia
255
528. Major Kuriya is Ordered to Return to Japan
255
529. Dutch Authorities in Netherlands East Indies Prepare for War
256
530. Supittai Denounces Japanese Foreign Policy
256
531. Japan Orders Remaining Nationals to Return Immediately
256
532. Japanese Trade and Shipping Problems (November, 1941)
256
533. Netherlanders' Attitude Remains Anti‑Japanese
258
534. Japanese Businesses Close in Preparation for Evacuation
258
535. Consul General Ishizawa Complains of Minor Problems
259
536. Netherlands East Indies Government Suppresses Japanese Agents
259
537. Germany Requests That Its Nationals Be Evacuated by the Fuji Maru
260
538. Japan Prepares to Invade the East Indies
260
539. Consul Ishizawa Orders Consulate Classified Material Burned
260
540. Japanese Foreign Office Declares the Netherlands a Quasi‑Enemy Nation
261
(o) Japanese‑Thaiese Relations
263
541. Japanese Plan Invasion of Southern Thailand
263
542. Intelligence Agent Reports Thaiese Troop Movement to Border
263
543. Ambassador Tsubokami Requests Funds, Supplies to Open Drug Concern
263
544. Japanese Officials Plan the Use of Indian Troops in Malaya
263
545. Foreign Minister Togo Proposes Set‑Up of Short Wave Radio in Bangkok
264
546. Ambassador Tsubokami Asks Permission to Remain at Post Because of Difficult Situation
264
547. Tokyo Adds Army Man to Bangkok Legation Staff
264
548. Japanese Plan Establishment of Air Wireless Section
265
549. British Cabinet Member Submits Proposals to Thailand
265
550. Major Aoyama Reports on Code, Espionage Work
265
551. Tokyo Forwards Instructions for Operation of Beacon Radio Set
265
552. Japan Continues Plans to Establish a Navy‑Controlled Steamship Company
266
553. Japanese Ambassador Requests Ten Large Radios For Use in Thailand
266
554. Japanese Ambassador Asks for Restriction on Number of Japanese Merchants Entering Thailand
266
555. Rumor Discloses That Britain Asks Exclusion of German Fifth Columnists
266
556. Japanese Government Has Difficulty in Securing Export Permit
266
557. Japan to Sell Gold to Thailand
267
558. Tokyo Attempts to Purchase Thaiese Rice
267
559. Foreign Minister Plans to Send Money for Purchase of Radio Sets
267
560. Thaiese Official Considers Re‑exportation of Armaments to British Possessions
267
561. Two Japanese Officials Receive Ill‑Treatment
267
562. Tokyo Informed Concerning British Forces in Malaya
268
563. Foreign Minister Togo Dispatches Official to Shanghai to Speed Plans for Bangkok Drug Dispensary
268
xii
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
564. Japan Enlarges Bangkok Staff
268
565. Ambassador to Ask Nationals to Secure Rubber, Tin
269
566. Japanese Ambassador Establishes Name, Stock Holders for Shipping Concern
269
567. Japanese Officials are Disappointed in Advancement of Proposal to Establish a Commission
269
568. Bangkok Papers Print Reports of Japanese Army Campaign in Burma
269
569. Disguised Army Experts to Be Sent to Thailand
270
570. Intelligence Agents Report Discussion Between Mr. Duff Cooper and Premier Pibul
270
571. Tokyo Sends 3,300 Yen to Purchase Radios
271
572. Japan Approves Plan to Purchase Rice Unobtrusively in Small Amounts
271
573. Japan Will Have Controlling Interest in New Shipping Concern
271
574. Japan Fears that Chinese and British Interests Are Buying Rubber
272
575. Japan Asks Investigation of Report that Prime Minister Pibul Desires to Resign
272
576. Gold Negotiations Do Not Permit Optimistic Outlook, Ambassador Says
272
577. Tokyo Cautions Regarding Operational Plans
272
578. Japanese Return Imperial Portrait to Homeland
272
579. Intelligence Report Informs Tokyo of Planned Chinese‑Thaiese Cooperation
272
580. Prime Minister Pibul Assures Ambassador That Thailand Desires to Cooperate Despite Difficulties
273
581. Japan Learns of Alleged British Proposal to Supply Thailand with Arms
273
582. British Minister Points to Thailand's Danger
273
583. Japan to Receive Less Rubber Due to Production Decrease
274
584. Supplies for Japanese‑Owned Drug Dispensary are Sent From Shanghai
274
585. Ambassador Tsubokami Requests Assistance for Five Newspapermen
274
586. Thailand Consortium Makes Written Proposal Regarding Liquidation of Japanese Gold
274
587. Foreign Minister Togo Sends Secret Fund to Bangkok Foreign Office
274
588. Bangkok Office Returns Code Machines to Japan
275
589. Ambassador Tsubokami Believes that Thailand Should be Led to Cooperate Voluntarily
275
590. New Pro‑Japanese Party Advocates Collaboration with Japan
275
591. Prime Minister Pibul, Defense Minister Puromu Differ Concerning Thailand's Policy
275
592. Ambassador Requests Funds for Machinations
276
593. Ambassador Recommends that Crew of Fishing Vessel Escape to Saigon District
276
594. Japan Agrees to 25,000,000 Baht Exchange of Gold
276
595. Japan Discovers Discrimination in Thaiese Censorship
276
596. Ambassador Advises that Railway he Completed Quickly
276
597. Foreign Minister Togo Asks that Additional Rubber be Secured
276
598. Japan Plans to Investigate Raw Opium Market
277
599. Consul General Asada Carries Important Papers to Thailand
277
600. High Ranking Official Says Thailand Friendly to Japanese Army
277
601. Agreement Stipulates Continuance of Gold Exchange to March, 1942
277
602. Ambassador Requests Additional Secret Fund
277
603. Ambassador Tsubokami Explains Objectives of Prime Minister Pibul's Speech
278
604. Ambassador Tsubokami Suggests that Thailand be Persuaded to Cooperate
278
605. Thaiese Government Officials Still Vote for Neutrality
278
606. Officials Originate Plan to Force Mr. Pibul to Declare His Position
279
607. Ambassador Sends List of Codes to be Destroyed
279
608. Japanese Ambassador Suggests Counter‑Propaganda Tactics
279
609. Foreign Minister Togo Remits Funds for Propaganda Purposes
279
610. Japanese Officials Set Up Secret Wireless Communication Facilities
279
611. Nai Wanitto Believes Thailand Will Cooperate with Japan in Two or Three Days
279
612. Thailand Sends Official Reply to Financial Proposal
280
613. Propaganda, to be Disseminated in Thailand, is Sent to Japan
280
614. British and American Residents Evacuate Bangkok
280
615. Ambassador Informs Tokyo of Schedule of Batavia Maru
280
616. Japan to Issue Proclamation on December 8, 1941
280
617. Invasion of Thailand to be Announced by Separate Wire
281
618. Foreign Office Provides Ambassador with Varying Explanations in Case Occupation is Peaceful or by Force
281
xiii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
619. Thailand Gives Right of Passage Through Territory to Japanese Army
281
620. Tokyo Announces Armies' Advance and Occupation of Bataan
281
Concluding page
xiv
OUTLINE OF VOLUME IV
Part A
Hull‑Nomura Conversations (October 17, 1941‑December 7, 1941)
(a) Secretary Hull's Reports
(b) Ambassador Nomura's Reports
Part B
Japanese Intelligence in Diplomatic Messages
(a) Reports from the United States
(b) Reports from Mexico
(c) Reports from Central America
(d) Reports from the Panama Canal
(e) Reports from South America
(f) Reports from the Hawaiian Islands
(g) Reports from the Philippine Islands
(h) Reports from Singapore
(i) Reports from Vladivostok and Hsinking
Part C
Japanese Diplomatic Activities Throughout the World
(a) Japanese‑American Relations
(b) Japanese‑Panamanian Relations
(c) Japanese‑Hawaiian Islands Relations
(d) Japanese‑Philippine Islands Relations
(e) Japanese‑Mexican Relations
(f) Japanese‑South American Relations
(g) Japanese‑British Relations
(h) Japanese‑German Relations
(i) Japanese‑Manchukuoan Relations
(j) Japanese‑Italian Relations
(k) Japanese‑French Relations
(1) Japanese‑Chungking Relations
(m) Japanese‑Nanking Relations
(n) Japanese‑Dutch Relations
(o) Japanese‑Thaiese Relations
xv
xvi (blank)
THE "MAGIC" BACKGROUND OF PEARL HARBOR
CHAPTER IV
PART A‑HULL‑NOMURA CONVERSATIONS
(October 17, 1941‑ November 20, 1941)
Advent of the Tojo Cabinet and Redoubling of Japanese Government's Insistence Upon an Early Acceptance of Its Proposals. [1]
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Friday January 9, 2009
Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire . Breezes crossing California's agricultural heartland, the Central Valley, can ferry farm chemicals to elevations high in the Sierra Nevadas. Mountain-water concentrations of endosulfan—a much-used Central Valley insecticide—are strong enough to threaten certain frogs and toads, a new laboratory study shows.http://louis2j2sheehan.bloggerteam.com
Donald W. Sparling, a wildlife toxicologist at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, airlifted amphibian eggs collected at relatively pristine Sierra Nevada sites to his lab, where he then incubated them to adulthood in water that was clean or treated with endosulfan at between 0.007 and 15 parts per billion (ppb). Other researchers have recorded concentrations of the pesticide in mountain ponds of around 0.3 ppb, he says.http://louis2j2sheehan.bloggerteam.com
The highest concentration killed every exposed animal among all three species tested. At around 3 ppb, half of the Western toads (Bufo boreas) and Pacific tree frogs (Pseudacris regilla) died. The animals that survived tended to be about two-thirds as big as usual, Sparling reported.
It took endosulfan concentrations of only 0.3 ppb to wipe out half of the foothills yellow-legged frogs (Rana boylii) in the study. Some of those frogs and a few Western toads succumbed at even 0.15 ppb—well within the range of concentrations seen in snowmelt and pond water at some Sierra Nevada sites, says Sparling. This finding suggests why populations of both species are on the decline in those mountains, he says. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire.
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Monday January 5, 2009
When volcanic death swept down the slopes of Mount Vesuvius into the city of Herculaneum in A.D. 79, it arrived so quickly that some residents didn't even have time to flinch. http://Louissheehan.BraveDiary.com
Researchers have excavated the skeletons of 80 victims who had sought shelter from the eruption in boathouses along the beach. The postures of these victims are relaxed and show no sign that these Herculaneans perceived immediate danger, says Alberto Incoronato, an archaeologist at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy. He and his colleagues describe their findings in the April 12 Nature.
When the devastating eruption occurred, Herculaneum had at least 20,000 residents, says James Higginbotham, an archaeologist at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. The city was a seaside hotspot filled with high culture and then-modern architecture. "It was a pretty snazzy town," says Higginbotham.
It was, however, a snazzy town located just 4 kilometers from a previously dormant volcano. The early stages of Mount Vesuvius' most famous eruption spewed smoke, ash, and other searing materials 33 km straight up into the sky. About 12 hours after the unexpected eruption began, the first of several pyroclastic flows�clouds of steam and ash that spill down the slopes of a volcano at high speed�swept through Herculaneum like a blast from a furnace.
Incoronato and his colleagues combined forensic science and advanced thermodynamics to conduct a high-tech postmortem of the Vesuvius victims. Herculaneum sat atop a 20-meter cliff that faced the sea, says Incoronato. Most people had fled their homes before the first pyroclastic flow swooshed through town, swirled over the cliff, and surged into the boathouses.
The ash cloud that entombed the victims there vaporized everything but their bones. Archaeologists found intact skeletons lying in relaxed positions on the floor or just a few centimeters above it, slightly buoyed by the fluid ash that had rapidly hardened in place. The consistent lack of evidence for voluntary reactions of self-protection or for contortions of agony among the victims suggests that they died instantly. In less than 1 second, the intense heat caused their muscles to involuntarily contract, which twisted their hands and feet into odd positions.
The heat of the ash cloud was so fierce that it cracked the enamel on victims' teeth and blackened the inside of their skulls. These signs indicate a temperature of about 500�C, which the researchers backed up with analysis of tiles unearthed outside one of the houses. Incoronato says that the 500�C ash would have cooled suddenly, especially in the boathouses where many victims were crowded together. This probably explains why the most severe effects of the heat appear on teeth and bones unprotected by thick layers of fat and other tissue, he adds. http://Louissheehan.BraveDiary.com
One eyewitness account of Vesuvius' eruption in A.D. 79 survives, but that observation was from a distance, notes Higginbotham. About a quarter of Herculaneum has been excavated by archaeologists, but only the bones from the boathouses are left to speak of what actually happened to people when a seething cloud of ash entombed a vibrant Roman city. Louis J. Sheehan, Esquire
"This research corroborates the speed and the intensity of the volcanic surges that nobody in town lived to talk about," says Higginbotham.
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